A VCN (Virtual Cloud Network) in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) is a customizable, private network that you create within your Oracle Cloud tenancy. It allows you to securely connect your cloud resources, such as Compute Instances, Databases, and other services, within a logically isolated network. The VCN functions similarly to a traditional on-premises network but is built and managed in the cloud.
Key Features of a VCN:
-
Isolation: A VCN is isolated from other networks in Oracle Cloud. It allows you to have a private networking environment, where you control all aspects of networking.
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Customizable Network: You can configure the VCN with your own IP address ranges, subnets, route tables, and security lists, allowing you to design the network according to your requirements.
-
Private Connectivity: VCN allows private communication between resources within the network without needing to expose them to the public internet.
-
Secure: You can use Network Security Groups (NSGs) and Security Lists to control traffic within the VCN and to/from your instances, enhancing security.
Components of a VCN:
A VCN in Oracle Cloud consists of several components that work together to provide a fully functional network.
-
CIDR Block:
- The VCN is defined by an IP address range (CIDR block). For example,
10.0.0.0/16defines a range of IP addresses available to the VCN. - This range is used to assign IP addresses to resources (e.g., compute instances, load balancers) within the VCN.
- The VCN is defined by an IP address range (CIDR block). For example,
-
Subnets:
- A subnet is a segment of the VCN’s IP address range. You can create multiple subnets within a VCN, and each subnet can be either public or private:
- Public Subnets: Resources in these subnets can have public IP addresses and be accessed directly from the internet.
- Private Subnets: Resources are not directly reachable from the internet and typically are used for internal or backend systems.
- Subnets provide network isolation and control over traffic flow.
- A subnet is a segment of the VCN’s IP address range. You can create multiple subnets within a VCN, and each subnet can be either public or private:
-
Internet Gateway:
- An Internet Gateway allows communication between the VCN and the internet. It is used to provide internet access to instances in a public subnet.
- You can attach an internet gateway to your VCN to route traffic between the VCN and the internet.
-
Route Tables:
- Route tables define the rules for routing traffic between subnets within the VCN, or between the VCN and external networks like the internet or on-premises networks.
- For example, you can configure a route that directs traffic destined for the internet to the Internet Gateway.
-
Dynamic Routing Gateway (DRG):
- A DRG is used to connect the VCN to an on-premises network, other VCNs, or remote cloud services. This allows hybrid cloud architectures and enables private communication between cloud and on-premises resources.
-
NAT Gateway:
- A NAT Gateway allows instances in a private subnet to access the internet for tasks like software updates, without exposing those instances to incoming internet traffic.
-
Security Lists and Network Security Groups (NSGs):
- Security Lists and NSGs act as firewalls to control inbound and outbound traffic to resources within the VCN.
- Security Lists are applied at the subnet level, whereas NSGs are applied at the instance level for finer control.
- These provide a way to control which types of traffic are allowed or denied for resources in the VCN.
-
VCN Peering:
- VCN Peering enables secure, private communication between two VCNs, even if they are in different regions.
- This feature helps in building multi-region or hybrid cloud architectures.
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